The Cyclical Development: Ice Ages and “Great Leaps” Have Shaped Man
I have previously proposed a Copernican revolution in our understanding of human evolution. In this new article, I outline a broader developmental scheme for humanity, suggesting that we have undergone several great leaps, not just the one occurring 40,000 years ago. Historically, human development has not been about increasing creativity but about enhancing our ability to imitate and replicate behaviors established by our ancestors. Homo sapiens was thus originally a bodily materialization of an old way of life—an old survival strategy—that had been acquired by their predecessor, Homo heidelbergensis.
All standard models in human evolution have been extremely conservative. In their original form, all human species, including our own, have been deeply tradition-bound and produced standardized tools. It was the same Homo erectus who, at the beginning of their existence, manufactured Oldowan tools, later developed the Acheulean culture, and learned to make fire. The same Homo heidelbergensis who, 600,000 years ago, created standardized hand axes and, 400,000 years ago, developed the Levallois technique. The same Neanderthals who, 400,000 years ago, used tools similar to their predecessors, and around 160,000 years ago developed the Mousterian culture, began burying their dead, and created cave paintings. Likewise, Homo sapiens, who 300,000 years ago manufactured standardized Middle Stone Age tools, began 40,000 years ago to create microlithic tools, make sculptures, and spread across the globe.
Our evolution has followed a cyclical pattern, with climate changes like ice ages prompting periods of cultural innovation and biological adaptation. Each time we faced drastic environmental shifts, our latent creative abilities were awakened to develop new survival strategies. Language, which was originally a tool for imitation, became free in this process and created opportunities for symbolic thinking and social organization.
The advent of agriculture drastically changed the scene, as we gained the ability to fundamentally alter our environment. This development sheds new light on our situation today. With the power to reshape nature, there seem to be no limits; we strive to break all boundaries and even aspire to live forever—a sentiment most prevalent in technological hubs like Silicon Valley. In our pursuit to transcend natural constraints, we have become dangerously lost.
You can find the article here: The Cyclical Development: Ice Ages and “Great Leaps” Have Shaped Man
The Rise of Modern Behavior: A Copernican Revolution in Understanding Human Evolution
Have we misunderstood the true essence of human evolution and the role of language in our ancient past? In a new article, I propose a Copernican shift in our understanding of language’s original function and the cognitive revolution that began approximately 75,000 years ago.
Traditional views hold that language evolved primarily as a tool for enhanced communication and complex thought. However, this article suggests that language’s original role was more about replicating behaviors linked with tool use, transferring these behaviors from one generation to the next through singing and rhythm. Initially, language served to reconcile the gap between the human body and its environment, which arose with the advent of the first stone tools, enabling early humans to navigate landscapes for which they were not biologically adapted.
This theory resolves a longstanding paradox since the inception of evolutionary theory: although thinking has an evolutionary past, and Homo sapiens are estimated to be 300,000 years old, humans have not always been ‘modern.’ What if humans are not inherently meant to think and act as they do today? What if evolution promoted aspects other than intellectual capability? Accepting this paradox might mean acknowledging that humans have undergone both a gradual evolutionary process, as Darwin suggested, and a rapid developmental leap, as indicated by archaeological findings—without any genetic change in the brain.
This new theory draws support from a diverse array of disciplines. Archaeological records reveal sporadic bursts of creativity alongside a gradual brain development; meanwhile, studies on mirror neurons offer a neurological basis for mimicry and observational learning, essential for transmitting skills and behaviors across generations. Additionally, theories about our aquatic past propose that water-based environments laid the groundwork for the evolution of vocalization and singing. Insights into how children acquire language—focusing on the roles of intonation and rhythm—mirror the significant role that song played over speech. These interdisciplinary findings suggest that our evolutionary path was not a straightforward march towards greater intellectual capability but rather a complex journey marked by periods of significant conformity punctuated by bursts of creative potential since the first stone tools 2.6 million years ago. This perspective helps explain not only the creative outbursts in South Africa 75,000 years ago but also other instances of early possible symbolic behavior, such as the use of shell beads by early Homo sapiens and Neanderthals.
Moreover, this perspective aligns with various global mythologies that narrate an ancient, harmonious coexistence with nature, disrupted by the cognitive revolution. Could the hauntingly beautiful cave paintings, some of the earliest known forms of human art, be interpreted not just as artistic expressions but as calls for help? These artworks could be seen as profound expressions of a deep-seated longing for reconnection with the natural world we once knew.
You can find the article here: The Rise of Modern Behavior: A Copernican Revolution in Understanding Human Evolution
The Aquatic Ape 